Genotype vs. Phenotype. Introduction to Cannabis Genetics
In the world of medicinal cannabis, you can now encounter a wide range of different varieties that differ not only in appearance and aroma but also in composition. Credit goes especially to cultivators who have brought an abundance of unusual strains over just a few decades. Understanding genetics can play a crucial role in breeding. Let's take a look at some basic terms together.
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype is essentially the DNA of the plant. Similar to humans, the genotype of medicinal cannabis is composed of genes from both parents - in this case, male and female plants. It is the carrier of potential characteristics that only manifest based on environment and growing conditions.
Phenotype is the sum of observable plant characteristics that are influenced by genotype and the environment or conditions in which it is grown. Some phenotypes are visible to the eye - such as leaf shape or coloration, while others - like cannabinoid effectiveness - can only be measured. Environment affects shape, color, smell, and resin production. However, what environment and conditions do not influence are the levels of CBD and THC. These are determined exclusively by genotype.
In short: phenotype is the result of combining genotype and the environment (including conditions) in which the plant is grown.
Note: THC is an illegal substance and is prohibited in the Czech Republic, and can only be obtained with a prescription from a doctor, and in limited quantities.